Cement base paints, etc.



tilted States Patent 0 1 3,063,851 CEMENT BASE PAINTS, ETC.

Ralph E. Madison, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Devoe 8: Raynolds Company,Inc., Louisville, Ky., a corporation of New York N0 Drawing.Continuation of application Ser. No. 519,671, July 1, 1955. Thisapplication Jan. 18, 1960, Ser. No. 2,819

8 Claims. (Cl. 106-93) This invention relates to improvements in cementbase paints and their manufacture and the waterproofing of masonrywalls, etc., therewith.

The improved cement base paints of the present invention containPortland cement as their principal constituent admixed with anon-aqueous vehicle, made up of a small amount of resin dissolved in anorganic solvent, sufiicient to give painting consistency, and with anamount of resin sufiicient to give the proper consistency butinsufiicient to prevent hydration of the Portland cement after thepainfis applied and the organic solvent is removed by evaporation;whereby the non-aqueous paint composition can be applied to masonry andother surfaces,

- followed by drying to remove the organic solvent and bydration withwater to set the cement.

The improved process of the present invention is one in which thePortland cement is combined with such a non-aqueous vehicle and theresulting paint applied to the masonry walls or other surfaces, followedby evaporation of the solvent and hydration of the cement by theaddition of water.

Heretofore it has been the custom to use Portland cement in formingcement base paints by using Portland cement, usually white, incombination with lime, accelerators such as calcium chloride, andcoloring materials, by milling or mixing these ingredients together in adry form and mixing the resulting powder with water in order to producea fluid material or paint which can then be applied to a masonry surfaceby conventional painting means, such as a brush, roller or spray. Priorto the actual application of such paints, it is necessary to soak orpractically saturate the masonry surface with water so that, duringapplication of the paint, the water used in it to produce a fluidmixture will not be too quickly absorbed or lost by absorption in themasonry surfaceto which the application is being made. And afterapplication, it is necessary to spray the applied coating with water inorder to cure it, since Portland cement, being a hydraulic cement,requires water for hardening.

The improved cement base paint of the present invention, in which thePortland cement and other dry ingredients are mixed with a non-aqueousvehicle, can be applied to a masonry surface without tthe necessity of.prewetting the surface with water, and without the presence of water inthe paint when it is applied. The improved paint is also one in whichsetting of the cement in the paint does not take place before or duringapplication of the paint to the surface. The curing of the coatingresulting from the application of the paint, after the evaporation ofthe organic solvent, is effected by the application of water. Theimproved paint of the present invention has the advantage that it can beapplied at low temperature and with a high degree of waterproofing.

Cement base paints are commonly used to waterproof open-textured masonrywalls made from concrete block, cinder block, etc. In making cement basepaints by admixture of the Portland cement, etc. with water, it isnecessary to use a much larger amount of water to make the paint than isrequired in the production of the concrete structures to bewaterproofed. When mass concrete ice is made with the use of Portlandcement, the amount of water used in a typical mix is usually kept withinthe range of 5-7 gallons (40-56 pounds) of water per bag of cement,which weighs 94 pounds, with the lower amount of water producing thedensest concrete and a concrete most resistant to the passage of water.In contrast with this, a cement base paint made with water usuallyrequires at least 3 quarts (6 pounds) of water per 8-10 pounds ofinorganic base, of which about is cement; so that, for a paint made witha bag of 94 pounds of cement, a water content of around 9-11 gallons(72-88 pounds) is required. This amount of water is considerably inexcess of that actually taken up by the cement in the hydration orcuring process; and as a result the waterproofing value of the cement siconsiderably weakened or lessened; while the evaporation of the excesswater tends to produce voids or porosity in the set product which permitthe future passage of water.

According to the present invention, no water is used in the preparationof the paint, nor is water present during its application. When the newpaint in a non-aqueous vehicle is applied and the solvent evaporates,the composition seems to be drawn into the pores and toward the base ofthe pores in the material coated and to consolidate and pack in thesepores. It appears that during the evaporation process, when the organicsolvent is removed, the remaining film seems to squeeze together to makea dense block or layer or dry Portland cement, admixed with a smallamount of resin, in the bottoms of the openings in the masonry.

The absence of water in the cement paint when it is applied and theorganic solvent is removed therefrom eliminates the formation of colloidor gel such as is caused or promoted by the presence of the excess waterin water base paints, which colloids or gels, when formed, and upon therelease of water therefrom, tend to leave behind a relatively infirmstructure disposed to cracking and pinholing.

Consequently, when the evaporation of the water from thus there will bemany pores or voids through which the water escapes. In contrast withsuch action, the improved cement base paint of the present invention isone in which the application and removal of the organic solvent takesplace without hydration of the cement and with consolidation of theremaining film in the openings in the masonry.

The curing of Porland cement is a combination of hydration hydrolysis,with limited colloid development. In other words, water iIll ydroIyZethe tricalcium silicate to dicalcium silicate with theformat ion oflime. The dicalciumsiticatWthThydrate and begin to produce the crystalstructure which is the basis for strength development. In combinationwith this action, there is a certain amount of colloid ornon-crystalline development which takes place within the crystallattice. Both actions, namely, crystal growth and limited colloiddevelopment, produce the final strength characteristics of Portlandcement. With water base paints, where the cement is over watered byvirtue of the high amount of water required for mixing, these reactionsbegin before and during the application of the water base paint andcontinue after it is applied. If too much colloid is developed, not onlywill there be less formation of strong crystals, but the conditionnecessary for the limited and proper development of the colloid withinthe crystal lattice will not be obtained. In other words, there will befree and uncon- 3 trolled colloids which will be porous and low instrength.

In contrast with the action which takes place with such water basePaints, the composition of the present invention is one in which nowater is used during the deposit of the cement or prior to the removalof the 5 organic solvent, so that curing action on the cement isobviated until after it has been applied and the organic solventremoved. Consequently, when curing water is applied to the resultingfilm, after the organic solvent has been removed, the curing water willimmediately begin to react with the cement in the most advantageousmanner; and the curing action can proceed with the proper development ofcrystal and limited colloid. Since the cement has been deposited ordrawn into the pores, without water, the effect of the subsequentcuring, which is completely in situ, is one in which advantage is takenof the fact that there is an expansive action upon hydration which tendsto lock the material tightly in the pores and openings and to give acoating which resists the passage of water through the film. Portlandcement, when properly cured, will normally take up by hydrationapproximately of its weight of water. And when this curing is preventeduntil the cement paint has been applied and the organic solvent removed,this hydration will take place in such a manner that the expansion andsetting gives an effective waterproofing action.

In making the new compositions of the present invention, the Portlandcement is suspended in an organic vehicle, using Portland cement aloneor advantageously with the addition of other ingredients which areadmixed therewith in making Portland cement base paints, such as a smallamount of masonslime, aluminum stearate, calcium chloride, inorganiccoloring materials and special Iofps ilica or silicates.

"In the inorganic :1 mixtures thus formed, the Portland cement is themajor component, amounting usually to about 80% of the total weight ofinorganic constituents, with the lime being usually not more than 15% ofthe weight of the cement, the stearate being approximately 0.2-0.5% ofthe combined weight of lime and cement, the calcium chloride beingapproximately 25% of the combined weight of lime and cement, thecoloring materials being approximately 1-5% of the total weight, and thesiliceous material being approximately 0-20%, as a typical combination.The lime is useful in producing a whiter material when dry; th aluminumstearate is used to aid in suspension of theme organic vehicle, and alsoto enhance the ater-re ellent properties of the product; the calcium chl Eidgis acfiTgm to aid in curing of the cement; the use of the coloringmaterial is to give the paint coating the desired color; and thesiliceous material, sand, diatomaceous silica, powdered silica,pumicite, etc. is used for body and filling, and puzzolanic action inthe case of diatomaceous silica and pumicite.

The organic vehicle used with the Portland cement in making the newnon-aqueous compositions is made by dissolving a resin in proportionswhich, with the cement, will form a paint of proper consistency. Ingeneral, the amount of such organic vehicle is much less than the amountof the cement with which it is admixed. And the amount of resin shouldbe a small percentage, within the range e.g. of Ila-5% of the weight ofthe cement or of the inorganic constituents. The amount of resin andresin solution should be such as to give proper consistency and adhesionto the paint, but should not be sufiicient to prevent hydrationof thecement after the paint is applied and the organic solvent is removed byevaporation.

Difierent resins can be used, including unsaponifiable and saponifiableresins, and a mixture of unsaponifiable and saponifiable resins, which,in solution in an organic solvent, give the proper working and bindingqualities.

It is desirable but not necessary that the resin or a portion of theresin be of such a type that when dissolved in its solvent it appears tobe gel-like, or imparts thixotropic properties to the paint. Thus, theresins or polymers can be selected from the class of butadiene-styreneresins, polyethylene, ethyl cellulose, chlorinated rubber naturg uplggr,hydrocarbon resins, ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, vinyl resins, acrylicresins, alkyd resins, etc.

The solvents used for the resins are organic solvents in which theresins are soluble and will vary with diifercnt resins, for example,mineral spirits, xylene, toluene, alcohols, ketones, esters, etc.

The proportion of resin to Portland cement, or to admixed inorganic basecontaining Portland cement, will vary somewhat with different resins andthe properties desired in the paint, such as consistency, but normallywill fall within the range of about 1 /z5% of resin based on the weightof the total inorganic constituents including Portland cement as theprincipal inorganic constituent. Thus, where the Portland cement is ofthe inorganic constituents, the range is about 1.87% to 6.25% of resinbased on the Portland cement. Where the Portland cement is of theinorganic constituents, as in the following examples, this range isabout 1.75% to 5.9% of resin based on the Portland cement. When thesolvent is removed, the paint residue will contain around or somewhatmore inorganic materials and around 75% or more of Portland cement.

The lower limit of resin in the paints is that which will give a vehiclewith sufiicient binding and carrying properties to hold the inorganicingredients in proper form for packaging and application, and will ingeneral be around 1 /2 more or less. The upper limit is an amount whichwill not seriously afiect the normal hydrating action of the cement,when the organic solvent is removed and water is applied to effecthydration. This upper limit is advantageously around 5% based on thetotal weight of the inorganic material. If too much resin is used, toprevent proper access of water to the cement to hydrate it, the cementwill remain as a non-reacting powder, as in the case of conventionalpaint coatings containing resin or oil solutions and conventional paintpigments. The upper limit of the amounts of individual resins can bereadily determined by test and should be less than that which willinterfere with proper hydration by water after the evaporation of thesolvent. If too little resin is used, much less than 1 /z% based on theweight of the inorganic material, there may not be enough viscosity orbinding qualities to produce a smooth working composition. Proportionsof resin, e.g., around 2 /2%, or 2 to 5%, based on the inorganicmaterial, are advantageously used.

When the Portland cement is 80% of the inorganic constituents, 2% ofresin based on the inorganic material is about 2.5% based on thePortland cement; and 2 /2% based on the inorganic material is a littlemore than 3% based on the Portland cement. Where the Portland cement is85% of the inorganic material, as illustrated by the following examples,the percentage of resin based on the Portland cement is about 2.35% or2.95% respectively, corresponding to 2% and 2 /2% based on the inorganicmaterials,

With these small percentages of resin, when the paint is applied and theorganic solvent evaporated, the residue will contain only about 5% orsomewhat less of the resin and around 95 or somewhat more of inorganicmaterial, of which at least about 75 will be Portland cement.

A test readily applied in determining the properties of the new paintsis to apply them to cement asbestos board, allowing them to dry untilfree from solvent, and then placing them in water so that the appliedfilm is submerged half way, then removing them from the water after 24hour and allowing them to dry thoroughly for about 18 hours. The testboards are then totally submerged in the solvent originally used in therespective compositions. At the end of approximately one hour, thecomposition is then treated by lightly brushing the whole surface withthe solvent. From the portions of the board which have not been cured bytreatment with water, the solvent removes the composition. But thesolvent does not remove the composition where it is cured by treatmentwith water. The upper limit of resin which can be used withoutinterfering with the subsequent hydration can readily be determined inthis way. When the resin reaches the amount where, after removal of thesolvent and treatment with water, the subsequent treatment with thesolvent and brushing removes the composition from both portions of theboard, this indicates that the amount of resin has been sufiicient tointerfere with the normal hydration process.

In general, the total amount of organic vehicle, i.e., resin and organicsolvent, is relatively small in proportion to the inorganic base. Thus,with an amount of resin corresponding to about 2 /2% of the weight ofthe inorganic base, the amount of solvent may vary from an amountcomparable with the amount of inorganic base to an amount which may beas low as 2025% of the weight of the inorganic base, and advantageouslythe amount of solvent is less than 50% by weight of the weight of theinorganic base. The amount of solvent will vary with the resin or resinsused and also with the solvent, and also to some extent with theconsistency of the resulting paint.

The new paints are advantageously made of a consistency similar to thatof a creamy cement sand mortar. In

this form, they can be easily worked into the openings in open texturedmasonry. Paint of such a consistency can be readily applied by a brushsimilar to any scrub brush, but with longer Tampico fibers and with thetufts closer together. In this way, the paint can be scrubbed into thesurface so as to force as much as possible into the openings. The paintcan vary somewhat in consistency and, depending on the consistency, canbe applied by conventional painting means such as a brush roller orspray. An advantageous consistency is the range of approximately 110-115Krebs units. Slightly more or slightly less consistency can be producedby varying the total amount of solvent.

After the paint has been thus applied to the surface, a drying period isallowed, sufiicient to evaporate the solvent, after which the film iscured by spraying with or applying water until the film becomes wellset.

The new paint composition can have included therein a small amount offibers such as asbestos fibers to provide certain characteristics suchas heavier consistency, to aid in preventing of settling, etc. Ingeneral, the amount of fiber when used is approximately 11 /2% of thetotal weight of the inorganic base.

The paint composition of the present invention has the advantage that,because it is free from water, hydration of the cement is prevented, andthe composition can be prepared and stored and shipped in final formready for use.

With some of the resins, which are readily soluble in organic solvents,the resin can be admixed in a dry pulverulent state with the dryPortland cement or inorganic mixture and shipped as a dry mixture, inclosed containers which protect the powder from contact with the air.And the solvent can be separately supplied and added to the paint andmixed at the time and place of use. In this case, the cement and resinare mixed together in a dry form, and the solvent in proper amount isadded and the mixture stirred until the resin dissolves.

In making the new compositions, instead of using Portland cement aloneas the inorganic material, it is advantageously mixed with otherinorganic constituents, as above indicated. The following example isillustrative of an inorganic base mixture with Portland cement as itsprincipal constituent. And this mixture of ingredients will be referredto as the inorganic base in the following examples. This is convenientlymade by mixing together in a Simpson or Lancaster mixer, in dry form,the following ingredients:

The following examples illustrate the use of the above inorganic basewith various resins dissolved in suitable solvents. The resin solutionare combined with the inorganic base by mixing in a suitable vessel, orby shaking on a vibrator mixing apparatus with the ingredients placed ina suitable container. The final consistency of the paint can becontrolled by further additions of solvents when necessary. The parts ofthe following examples are by weight.

Example I.--The resin used was a hydrocarbon resin sold under the tradename Pliolite NR, obtained by treating a benzol solution of rubber withchlorostagip cid. 4 parETf this resin and 1 part of pale crepe rubber(milled) were dissolved in parts of mineral spirits, and the resultingsolution admixed with 200 parts of the above inorganic base to form thepaint.

Example 2.--The resins used in this example were resins sold under thetrade name Pliolite S-3 and Pliolite S-5, which are butadiene-styrenecopolymers with a high styrene content. 2 par s o 101 e 5 and 1 parts ofPliolite 8-3 were dissolved in 65 parts of xylene, and the resultingsolution admixed with 200 parts of. the above inorganic base to form thepaint.

Example 3.'Ihe resin used was an acrylic ester polymer with a molecularweight in the range of 50,000 to 75,000. 5 parts of this resin weredissolved in 698.8 parts of xylene and the resulting solution mixed with200 parts of the above inorganic base to form the paint.

Example 4.The resin used was the resin sold under the trade name MarbonResin 11,952, a styrene butadiene copolymer resin with a high styrenecontent. 5 parts of this resin were dissolved in 45 parts of mineralspirits and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of the aboveinorganic base to form the paint.

Example 5 .-The resin used was a styrene-butadiene copolymer sold underthe trade name Marbon Resin 9200 LLV. 5 parts of this resin weredissolved in 84 parts of mineral spirits and the resulting solutionadmixed with 200 parts of the above inorganic base to form the paint.

A similar paint was made by dissolving 5 parts of the same resin in 65parts of xylene and admixing the resulting solution with 200 parts ofthe inorganic base to make the paint.

Example 6.5 parts of chlorinated rubber resin (sold under the trade nameParlon, 12 cps.) were dissolved in 85 parts of xylene and the resultingsolution admixed with 200 parts of the above inorganic base to form thepaint.

Example 7.-5 parts of natural rubber, pale crepe, were dissolved in121.7 parts ofmts and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts ofthe above inorganic base to form the paint.

Example 8.--5 parts of the resin sold under the name Pliolite NR,referred to in Example 1, were dissolved in 75 parts of mineral spirits,and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of the above inorganicbase to form the paint.

Example 9.--The resin used was the resin sold under the trade name VinylResin VAGH, which is a partially hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl chlorideand vinyl acetate 'With a vinyl chloride content of about 91% and ispermanently thermoplastic, neutral, non-oxidizing and nonheat reactive.5 parts of this resin were dissolved in 32.5 parts of methyl ethylketone, and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of the aboveinorganic base to form the paint.

Example 10. parts of ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose were dissolved in 195parts of xylene and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of theabove inorganic base to form the paint.

Example 11.5 parts of ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose were dissolved in 55parts of methyl ethyl ketone and the resulting solution admixed with 200parts of the above organic base to form the paint.

Example 12.5 parts of ethyl cellulose (Ethocel LV) were dissolved in asolvent mixture made up of 47.5 parts of mineral spirits and 47.5 partsof xylene, and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of theabove inorganic base to form the paint.

Example 13.-4 parts of Goodyear Pliolite NR, unmilled, as described inExample 1, and 1 part of ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose were dissolved ina solvent mixture made up of 9 parts of xylene and 61 parts of mineralspirits, and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of the aboveinorganic base to make the paint.

The following examples illustrate paints made with Portland cementwithout the other admixtures contained in the above inorganic base.

Example 14.--5 parts of alkyd resin, long oil bodied soya type, weredissolved in 79.5 parts of mineral spirits, and the resulting solutionadmixed with 200 parts of Portland cement to form the paint.

Example 15.--5 parts of styrenated alkyd resin (American Cyanamid NOS101-1) were dissolved in 50.5 parts of xylol and the resulting solutionadmixed with 200 parts of cement to make the paint.

Example 16.-4 parts of Pliolite NR resin, as described in Example 1, and1 part of limed rosin (5% lime) were dissolved in 55 parts of mineralspirits and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of cement tomake the paint.

Example 17.-4 parts of Pliolite NR resin, as described in Example 1, and1 part of ester gum, were dissolved in 77.97 parts of mineral spirits,and the resulting solution admixed with 200 parts of cement to form thepaint.

Example 18.4 parts of Pliolite NR (see Example 1) and 1 part of rosinwere dissolved in 49.3 parts of mineral spirits and the resultingsolution admixed with 200 parts of cement to make the paint.

Example 19.The resin used was a chlorinated rubber resin sold under thetrade name Parlon (a 20% solution in toluene at 25 C. having a viscosityof 125 c.p.s.).

4 parts of this resin and 1 part of limed rosin (5% lime) were dissolvedin 59 parts of xylol, and the resulting solution admixed with 200 partsof cement. to form the paint.

Example 20.4 parts of the Parlon resin described in the precedingexample and 1 part of long oil soya alkyd resin (24.4% of phthalicanhydride) were dissolved in 55 parts of xylol, and the resultingsolution admixed with 200 parts of cement to form the paint.

In the above examples, the resin is dissolved in the solvent to form thevehicle before admixture with the cement or inorganic base. The newpaints can also be made at or prior to the time of use by supplying thecement or inorganic base admixed with finely divided resin in the formof a dry mix and separately supplying the solvent and adding the solventto dissolve the resin and form the paint.

The following examples illustrate the carrying out of the invention inthis way:

Example 21 .200 parts of cement were admixed with three parts ofPliolite NR resin, as described in Example 1, to form a dry mix.

The paint was made by adding 78.2 parts of mineral spirits to this drymix and stirring until solution of the resin was completed.

A similar mixture was made using 200 parts of the cement with 5 parts ofthe Pliolite NR resin in finely divided form to form a dry mixture. Andthe paint was made by adding 90 parts of mineral spirits to this drymixture and stirring until the resin was dissolved to form the paintready for use.

Example 22.A dry mix was made by adding 3 parts of Parlon, as describedin Example 19, to 200 parts of cement to form a dry mix and by adding 90parts of xylol to this dry mix to dissolve the resin and form the paint.

A modified mixture was made by adding 5 parts of the same resin to 200parts of cement to form a dry mix and by adding 95 parts of xylol to thedry mix to dissolve the resin and form the paint.

A typical test which has been applied for showing the effectiveness ofthe cement base paints was as follows:

Standard cinder blocks were prepared by plugging the lower ends of theopen chambers with mortar. The cement base paint was then brushed on, inone full saturating coat, in the proportion of about 1 gallon to 70square feet, and applied to the bottom, sides and ends of the block, butnot to the top. The paint was applied and the organic solvent evaporatedand the coating was then cured by spraying with water and continuinguntil the film became well set.

After this curing of the coating, the open chambers of the blocks werefilled with water. When the new paints of the present invention wereapplied and subjected to this test, no water passed through the surfaceof the blocks, even after water had been kept in the blocks for aconsiderable period of time, in some cases even after many months. Withblocks which were not so coated, the water poured into the open chambersof the block readily ran out through the sides of the block.

This application is a continuation of my prior application Ser. No.519,671, filed July 1, 1955, now abandoned.

I claim:

1. A Portland cement base composition consisting essentially of Portlandcement as its principal constituent in a non-aqueous vehicle made up ofa small amount of a vggtgrflfiflghlwsimwhich is non-reactive with theconstr uents of P'ortland cement and which is soluble in an organicsolvent and which is dissolved in an organic solvent, the amount ofresin in the vehicle being from about 1 /z% to about 5% of the weight ofthe inorganic constituents of the composition, of which at least aboutis Portland cement, and being an amount sufficient to impart viscosityto produce a smooth working composition of painting consistency butinsufficient to prevent hydration of the cement with water when thesolvent is removed, the residue remaining after removal of the solventcontaining at least about 95% inorganic constituents, said vehicle beingpresent in sufiicient amount to produce a composition of paintingconsistency which can be applied by conventional painting means.

2. A Portland cement base composition as defined in claim 1, in whichthe amount of resin is about 1'/2% to 2 /2% of the weight of theinorganic constituents, and in which the Portland cement is about of theinorganic constituents.

3. The method of producing a non-aqueous cement base compositionconsisting essentially of Portland cement as its principal constituent,in a non-aqueous vehicle, which comprises dissolving, in an organicsolvent, a water-insoluble resin which is non-reactive with theconstituents of Portland cement and which is soluble in an organicsolvent and incorporating inorganic material containing at least about80% Portland cement in the resulting vehicle, the amount of resin beingfrom about 1% to about 5% of the weight of the inorganic material and anamount sufiicient to impart viscosity to produce a smooth workingcomposition of painting consistency but insufiicient to preventhydration of the cement when the solvent is removed, the residueremaining after the removal of the solvent being made up of at leastabout inorganic material, said vehicle being present in suflicientamount to produce a composition of painting consistency which can beapplied by conventional painting means.

4. The method of waterproofing concrete and masonry walls whichcomprises applying thereto a non-aqueous cement base composition asdefined in claim 1, evaporating the solvent from the composition andapplying water to hydrate and set the cement.

5. The method of producing a non-aqueous cement base compositionconsisting essentially of Portland cement as its principal constituent,in a non-aqueous vehicle, which comprises admixing inorganic materialcontaining at least about 80% Portland cement with from about 1 /2.% toabout 5% of the weight of the inorganic material of a water-insolubleresin, which is not reactive with the constituents of Portland cement,to form a dry mix of the inorganic materials and resin, and adding tosaid dry mix an organic solvent to dissolve the resin to form thenon-aqueous cement base composition, the amount of the resin beingsufficient to impart viscosity to produce a smooth working compositionof painting consistency but insufiicient to prevent hydration of thecement when the solvent is removed, and the residue remaining after theremoval of the solvent being made up of at least about inorganicmaterial, the amount of solvent used to dissolve the resin beingsufficient in amount to produce a composition of painting consistencywhich can be applied by conventional painting means.

6. The method of waterproofing concrete and masonry walls whichcomprises applying thereto a non-aqueous cement base composition asdefined in claim 2, evaporating the solvent from the composition andapplying water to hydrate and set the cement.

7. Concrete and masonry walls waterproofed by the process of claim 4.

8. Concrete and masonry walls waterproofed by the process of claim 6.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,374,161 Hathaway Apr. 5, 1921 1,991,007 Bonney et a1. Feb. 12, 19352,309,185 Gordon Jan. 26, 1943 2,671,030 Gobel et al. Mar. 2, 19542,672,793 Rowe et al. Mar. 23, 1954 2,760,885 Larsen Aug. 28, 1956

1. A PORTLAND CEMENT BASE COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF PORTLANDCEMENT AS ITS PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENT IN A NON-AQUEOUS VEHICLE MADE UP OFA SMALL AMOUNT OFTHE CONA WATER-INSOLUBLE RESIN WHICH IS NON-REACTIVEWITH THE CONSTITUENTS OF PORTLAND CEMENT AND WHICH IS SOLUBLE IN ANORGANIC SOLVENT AND WHICH IS DISSOLVED IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT, THE AMOUNTOF RESIN IN THE VEHICLE BEING FROM ABOUT 11/2% TO ABOUT 5% OF THE WEIGHTOF THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE COMPOSITION, OF WHICH AT LEASTABOUT 80% IS PORTLAND CEMENT, AND BEING AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO IMPARTVISCOSITY TO PRODUCE A SMOOTH WORKING COMPOSITION OF PAINTINGCONSISTENCY BUT INSUFFICIENT TO PREVENT HYDRATION OF THE CEMENT WITHWATER WHEN THE SOLVENT IS REMOVED, THE RESIDUE REMAINING AFTER REMOVALOF THE SOLVENT CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 95% INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS,SAID VEHICLE BEING PRESENT IN SUFFICIENT AMOUNT TO PRODUCE A COMPOSITIONOF PAINTING CONSISTENCY WHICH CAN BE APPLIED BY CONVENTIONAL PAINTINGMEANS.